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Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo MRI of the Spine Using Parallel Imaging

Lucile Ruel1, Pierre Brugières1, Alain Luciani1, Stéphane Breil2, Didier Mathieu1 and Alain Rahmouni1

1 Départment Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Henri Mondor, Université de Créteil, Paris XII, 51 Ave. du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil 94010 Cedex, France.
2 Siemens SAS, Division Médicale, 39/47, Blvd. Ornano, Saint-Denis 93527 Cedex 2, France.



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  		Fig. 1. —50-year-old healthy female volunteer. T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image shows position of regions of interest (Rois). Roi-1, background; Roi-2, cerebrospinal fluid; Roi-3, subcutaneous fat; Roi-4, vertebral body.

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Bar graph shows comparison of mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) obtained in phantom experiments. Experiment 1 results are with three coil elements switched on. Experiment 2 results are with one coil element switched on for traditional imaging (white bars) and three coil elements for mSENSE, modified sensitive encoding, (black bars) and GRAPPA, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, (gray bars) imaging. In experiment 1, SNR of parallel imaging, obtained in 88 sec, is lower than SNR of traditional imaging obtained in 142 sec. In experiment 2, SNR of GRAPPA parallel imaging is higher than SNR of traditional imaging. In both experiment 1 and experiment 2, SNR of GRAPPA parallel imaging is higher than SNR of mSENSE parallel imaging.

 


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  		Fig. 3. —Bar graph shows signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) measured in cylindric phantom with (experiment 3, gray bars) and without (experiment 4, white bars) body load phantom placed next to it. GRAPPA = generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, mSENSE = modified sensitive encoding.

 


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  		Fig. 4. —Bar graph shows signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) measured in cylindric phantom placed inside body load phantom with (experiment 5, gray bars) and without (experiment 6, white bars) spherical phantom placed next to it. GRAPPA = generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, mSENSE = modified sensitive encoding.

 


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  		Fig. 5A. —Cylindric phantom. T2-weighted turbo spin-echo parallel MR images (TR/TE, 4,430/136; matrix, 512 x 302; field of view, 415 mm; echo-train length, 23) with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) (A) and modified sensitive encoding (mSENSE) (B).

 


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  		Fig. 5B. —Cylindric phantom. T2-weighted turbo spin-echo parallel MR images (TR/TE, 4,430/136; matrix, 512 x 302; field of view, 415 mm; echo-train length, 23) with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) (A) and modified sensitive encoding (mSENSE) (B).

 


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  		Fig. 5C. —Cylindric phantom. GRAPPA minus mSENSE MR image shows residual signal.

 


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  		Fig. 6A. —T2-weighted turbo spin-echo nonparallel and parallel sagittal MR images (TR/TE, 4,390/136; matrix, 512 x 302; field of view, 380 mm; echo-train length, 23) in 48-year-old healthy male volunteer. Modified sensitive encoding (mSENSE) MR image shows minor (arrow) and major (arrowhead) aliasing artifacts.

 


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  		Fig. 6B. —T2-weighted turbo spin-echo nonparallel and parallel sagittal MR images (TR/TE, 4,390/136; matrix, 512 x 302; field of view, 380 mm; echo-train length, 23) in 48-year-old healthy male volunteer. Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) MR image shows no aliasing artifacts.

 


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  		Fig. 6C. —T2-weighted turbo spin-echo nonparallel and parallel sagittal MR images (TR/TE, 4,390/136; matrix, 512 x 302; field of view, 380 mm; echo-train length, 23) in 48-year-old healthy male volunteer. T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image shows no aliasing artifacts.

 


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  		Fig. 7. —Schematic representation shows sensitive encoding (SENSE) reconstruction technique. FFT = fast Fourier transformation.

 


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  		Fig. 8. —Schematic representation shows simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH) reconstruction technique.

 

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