CT Evaluation of the Response of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Imatinib Mesylate Treatment: A Quantitative Analysis Correlated with FDG PET Findings
Haesun Choi1,
Chuslip Charnsangavej1,
Silvana de Castro Faria1,
Eric P. Tamm1,
Robert S. Benjamin2,
Marcella M. Johnson3,
Homer A. Macapinlac1 and
Donald A. Podoloff1
1 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030.
2 Department of Sarcoma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, TX 77030.
3 Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, TX 77030.

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Fig. 1. Scatterplot shows sizes of 173 lesions in 36 patients during
treatment. Change in absolute tumor size was small but statistically
significant up to 8 months after treatment (p = 0.0070, linear
regression analysis).
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Fig. 2. Graph shows change in mean tumor size on CT images in 29
patients. Decrease in mean tumor size measured 2 months after treatment was
significant (p = 0.0025, Student's t test; p =
0.0013, Wilcoxon's signed rank test).
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Fig. 3. Graph shows change in mean glucose metabolism, or maximum
standardized uptake value (SUVmax,) on FDG PET images in 29
patients. Decrease in mean SUVmax 2 months after treatment was
significant (p < 0.0001, Student's t test; p
< 0.0001, Wilcoxon's signed rank test).
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Fig. 4. Graph shows change in mean tumor density in Hounsfield units
in 29 patients. Decrease in mean Hounsfield units 2 months after treatment was
significant (p < 0.0025, Student's t test; p
< 0.0011, Wilcoxon's signed rank test).
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Fig. 5A. 51-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
in colon and recurrent disease with peritoneal metastases. Pretreatment CT
scan (A) shows peritoneal mass (arrows, A) with
relatively low density (42 H) corresponding to lesion with markedly increased
glucose uptake (arrows, B) on FDG PET scan (B).
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Fig. 5B. 51-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
in colon and recurrent disease with peritoneal metastases. Pretreatment CT
scan (A) shows peritoneal mass (arrows, A) with
relatively low density (42 H) corresponding to lesion with markedly increased
glucose uptake (arrows, B) on FDG PET scan (B).
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Fig. 5C. 51-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
in colon and recurrent disease with peritoneal metastases. and D, CT
scan (C) obtained 2 months after treatment shows that mass has become
larger (arrows, C). CT density (30 H), however, had decreased
with no appreciable glucose uptake (arrows, D) seen on FDG PET
scan (D), corresponding to clinical improvement.
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Fig. 5D. 51-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
in colon and recurrent disease with peritoneal metastases. CT scan (C)
obtained 2 months after treatment shows that mass has become larger
(arrows, C). CT density (30 H), however, had decreased with no
appreciable glucose uptake (arrows, D) seen on FDG PET scan
(D), corresponding to clinical improvement.
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Fig. 6A. 45-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of small-bowel mesentery and hepatic metastasis. Pretreatment CT scan
(A) shows hyperdense (87 H) mesenteric mass (arrows, A)
in region of previous surgery corresponding to lesion with markedly increased
glucose uptake (arrows, B) on FDG PET scan (B).
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Fig. 6B. 45-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of small-bowel mesentery and hepatic metastasis. Pretreatment CT scan
(A) shows hyperdense (87 H) mesenteric mass (arrows, A)
in region of previous surgery corresponding to lesion with markedly increased
glucose uptake (arrows, B) on FDG PET scan (B).
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Fig. 6C. 45-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of small-bowel mesentery and hepatic metastasis. CT scan obtained 2 months
after treatment shows that mass (arrows) has significantly decreased
in both density (29 H) and size.
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Fig. 6D. 45-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of small-bowel mesentery and hepatic metastasis. FDG PET scan obtained 2
months after treatment shows no appreciable glucose uptake (arrows).
On images obtained 4 months after treatment (not shown), mass had further
decreased in size and density and has since remained stable.
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Fig. 6E. 45-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of small-bowel mesentery and hepatic metastasis. Photomicrograph of mesenteric
mass resected at 7 months after treatment shows gross replacement of tumor by
myxoid degeneration (light pink) with only microscopic viable tumor
(arrows). (H and E, x40)
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Fig. 7A. 68-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of stomach and recurrent disease with hepatic and peritoneal metastases.
Pretreatment CT scan shows large mesenteric and hepatic masses on late
arterial phase image, with hyperdense tumor nodules (arrows) along
periphery. Notice multiple prominent tumor vessels (arrowheads).
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Fig. 7B. 68-year-old man with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor
of stomach and recurrent disease with hepatic and peritoneal metastases. CT
scan obtained 2 months after treatment shows that lesions (arrows)
have become significantly hypodense, and peripheral tumor nodules and tumor
vessels are no longer detectable.
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Fig. 8A. 56-year-old man with newly diagnosed gastrointestinal stromal
tumor of jejunum with hepatic and peritoneal metastases. Pretreatment CT scan
shows multiple diffuse (arrowhead) or rim-enhancing (arrows)
lesions.
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Fig. 8B. 56-year-old man with newly diagnosed gastrointestinal stromal
tumor of jejunum with hepatic and peritoneal metastases. FDG PET scan obtained
3 days after A shows no appreciable glucose uptake.
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.