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Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment for Complex Neonatal Ovarian Cysts: Outcomes Study

Goya Enríquez1, Carmina Durán2, Nuria Torán3, Joaquim Piqueras1, Eduard Gratacós4, Celestino Aso1, Josep Lloret5, Amparo Castellote1 and Javier Lucaya1

1 Pediatric Radiology Department, Hospital Materno-infantil Vall d'Hebron, Ps. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona E-08035, Spain.
2 Department of Radiology, Consorci Hospitalari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.
3 Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
4 Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Materno-infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Materno-infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.



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Fig. 1A Asymptomatic 4-month-old girl with pelvic calcification. Hip radiograph obtained to investigate hip luxation shows calcification (arrow) in left pelvis.

 


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Fig. 1B Asymptomatic 4-month-old girl with pelvic calcification. Longitudinal sonogram (7.5 MHz, sector transducer) shows heterogeneous mass (arrows) with solid and fluid components and echogenic area with posterior shadowing corresponding to calcification (arrowhead). During surgery, left ovary was found to be absent, thereby establishing origin of mass.

 


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Fig. 2A Light microscopy studies of cyst wall and pedicle of one specimen from 4-day-old girl. Cyst wall shows celomic mesothelium with focal calcification (asterisk) and primitive oogonia (arrows), features typically seen in 5- to 6-week embryonic stage of ovarian development. (H and E, x40)

 


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Fig. 2B Light microscopy studies of cyst wall and pedicle of one specimen from 4-day-old girl. Pedicle segment is composed of vascularized connective tissue with thrombosis of some vessels (arrows). (H and E, x100)

 


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Fig. 3A Asymptomatic neonate with echogenic mass discovered on prenatal sonography at 32 weeks of gestation. Longitudinal sonogram (7.5-MHz linear transducer) obtained at 3 days old shows echogenic mass with hyperechoic center.

 


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Fig. 3B Asymptomatic neonate with echogenic mass discovered on prenatal sonography at 32 weeks of gestation. Axial T1-weighted fat-saturation (FAT-SAT) image (TR/TE, 663/14) shows hyperintense area indicating hemorrhagic content.

 


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Fig. 3C Asymptomatic neonate with echogenic mass discovered on prenatal sonography at 32 weeks of gestation. Transverse sonogram of pelvis (7.5-MHz convex transducer) obtained at 1 year old shows only left ovary (arrows). B = bladder.

 


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Fig. 4A Example of spontaneous involution of complex ovarian cyst in 7-day-old girl (patient 10). Longitudinal sonogram obtained at 1 day old shows several characteristics of complex ovarian cysts: echogenic wall (arrows), debris–fluid level (asterisk), and mural nodule (arrowhead).

 


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Fig. 4B Example of spontaneous involution of complex ovarian cyst in 7-day-old girl (patient 10). On follow-up sonogram obtained at 5 months old, cyst has decreased in size, internal echogenicity has changed (mural nodule and debris–fluid level have disappeared), and a calcification (arrows) has appeared at the base.

 


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Fig. 4C Example of spontaneous involution of complex ovarian cyst in 7-day-old girl (patient 10). Unenhanced pelvic CT scan obtained at 3 years old discloses residual calcification in cul-de-sac (arrowhead). Cyst has involuted.

 


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Fig. 5A Diagram of ovarian embryologic development and perioperative view of ovarian cyst. Gonad originates high in abdomen in front of kidney. Primitive gonad is embedded in connective tissue and is attached to pelvis by mesonephric duct.

 


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Fig. 5B Diagram of ovarian embryologic development and perioperative view of ovarian cyst. Photograph of surgical specimen shows that cyst, which was located below liver, is connected to pelvis by long pedicle, which may correspond to primitive gonadal attachments.

 

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