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Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation in Canine Femur: Evaluation of Coagulation Necrosis Reproducibility and MRI-Histopathologic Correlation

Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chono-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.

View larger version (66K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 —Graphic depiction of changes in tissue impedance (bottom), radiofrequency current (center), and power (top) during radiofrequency ablation in bone. Note that tissue impedance increased markedly and current decreased during radiofrequency energy application.

View larger version (101K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2A —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone day 4 after radiofrequency ablation in distal femur of dog. Sagittal spin-echo T1-weighted image shows multilayered lesion composed of central hyperintense area (arrowheads) surrounded by dark hypointense band (small arrow), slightly hyperintense zone, and subtle hypointense rim (large arrow).

View larger version (113K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2B —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone day 4 after radiofrequency ablation in distal femur of dog. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows four zones: slightly hyperintense thermally ablated lesion (arrowheads) followed by hypointense band (small arrow), poorly demarcated slightly hypointense peripheral zone, and peripheral hyperintense rim (large arrow).

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2C —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone day 4 after radiofrequency ablation in distal femur of dog. Sagittal contrast-enhanced T1-weighed image with fat suppression shows a well-demarcated hypointense lesion surrounded by a thin enhancing rim (arrow).

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2D —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone day 4 after radiofrequency ablation in distal femur of dog. Cut gross specimen shows corresponding ablation area consisting of central brown area (arrowheads), surrounding dark-red area (small arrow), and peripheral red rim (large arrow).

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2E —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone day 4 after radiofrequency ablation in distal femur of dog. Photomicrograph of border zone of middle dark-red area and peripheral red rim shows severe congestion and hemorrhage of bone marrow in middle dark-red area (H) and edematous change in peripheral red rim (E). Normal bone marrow (N) surrounds the lesion periphery. (H and E; original magnification, x 20)

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3A —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone 7 days after radiofrequency ablation in the distal femur of dog. Sagittal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image with fat suppression shows well-demarcated hypointense lesion surrounded by thin enhancing rim (arrows). Nonenhancing ablated area involves well beyond cortex, extending into soft tissue both anteriorly and posteriorly.

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3B —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone 7 days after radiofrequency ablation in the distal femur of dog. Cut gross specimen shows the corresponding ablation area (arrows).

View larger version (155K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3C —MR images, gross specimen, and photomicrograph of radiofrequency-induced ablation zone 7 days after radiofrequency ablation in the distal femur of dog. Photomicrograph shows clear evidence of coagulation necrosis, hemorrhagic congestion (H), and granulation tissue (G) with immature bone formation in periphery. (H and E; original magnification, x 40)

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