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Early Postoperative Hepatic Sonography as a Predictor of Vascular and Biliary Complications in Adult Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients

Lawrence N. Uzochukwu1, Edward I. Bluth1, Dana H. Smetherman1, Laurie A. Troxclair1, George E. Loss, Jr.2, Ari Cohen2 and James D. Eason2

1 Department of Radiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Hwy., New Orleans, LA 70121.
2 Section of Abdominal Transplantation, Multi-Organ Transplant Center, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121.



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Fig. 1A Patient with hepatic artery stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with hepatic artery stenosis.

 


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Fig. 1B Patient with hepatic artery stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with hepatic artery stenosis.

 


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Fig. 1C Patient with hepatic artery stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with hepatic artery stenosis.

 


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Fig. 1D Patient with hepatic artery stenosis. Angiogram of celiac trunk shows high-grade stenosis within proper hepatic artery at its anastomosis with donor artery.

 


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Fig. 2A Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A) and left (B) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with hepatic vein stenosis.

 


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Fig. 2B Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A) and left (B) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with hepatic vein stenosis.

 


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Fig. 2C Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiogram shows high-grade stenosis at junction of right hepatic vein and vena cava.

 


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Fig. 2D Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiogram shows minimal residual narrowing of right hepatic vein after balloon venoplasty and transjugular portosystemic shunt placement.

 


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Fig. 3A Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) graft with hepatic vein stenosis.

 


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Fig. 3B Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) graft with hepatic vein stenosis.

 


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Fig. 3C Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) graft with hepatic vein stenosis.

 


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Fig. 3D Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show normal hepatofugal blood flow in main hepatic vein (D and F) and abnormal hepatopedal blood flow in right hepatic vein (E and F) of OLT graft with hepatic vein stenosis. In F, RHV = right hepatic vein, MHV = main hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 3E Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show normal hepatofugal blood flow in main hepatic vein (D and F) and abnormal hepatopedal blood flow in right hepatic vein (E and F) of OLT graft with hepatic vein stenosis. In F, RHV = right hepatic vein, MHV = main hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 3F Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show normal hepatofugal blood flow in main hepatic vein (D and F) and abnormal hepatopedal blood flow in right hepatic vein (E and F) of OLT graft with hepatic vein stenosis. In F, RHV = right hepatic vein, MHV = main hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 3G Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiograms show high-grade stenosis at junction of right hepatic vein and vena cava (G) with reversal of flow through adjacent branch vein (H).

 


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Fig. 3H Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiograms show high-grade stenosis at junction of right hepatic vein and vena cava (G) with reversal of flow through adjacent branch vein (H).

 


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Fig. 3I Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiogram shows minimal residual narrowing of right hepatic vein after balloon venoplasty.

 


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Fig. 3J Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. and K, Angiogram shows high-grade stenosis (J) and subsequent restoration of blood flow with minimal residual narrowing (K) of intrahepatic IVC after balloon venoplasty.

 


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Fig. 3K Patient with hepatic vein stenosis. Angiogram shows high-grade stenosis (J) and subsequent restoration of blood flow with minimal residual narrowing (K) of intrahepatic IVC after balloon venoplasty.

 


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Fig. 4A Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show high-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with surgically proven thrombosis of IVC, portal vein, and hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 4B Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show high-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with surgically proven thrombosis of IVC, portal vein, and hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 4C Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show high-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with surgically proven thrombosis of IVC, portal vein, and hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 4D Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Color flow images show absence of blood flow within IVC and main portal vein, and distention by thrombus. MHV = main hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 4E Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Color flow images show absence of blood flow within IVC and main portal vein, and distention by thrombus. MHV = main hepatic vein.

 


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Fig. 4F Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Angiogram shows 50% stenosis at junction of IVC and right atrium.

 


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Fig. 4G Patient with thrombosis of portal vein, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) and IVC stenosis. Angiogram shows restoration of normal blood and improvement in caliber at junction of IVC and right atrium.

 


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Fig. 5A Patient with portal vein thrombosis. Color Doppler sonogram shows low-resistance flow patterns in main (A) and right (B) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with surgically proven portal vein thrombosis.

 


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Fig. 5B Patient with portal vein thrombosis. Color Doppler sonogram shows low-resistance flow patterns in main (A) and right (B) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with surgically proven portal vein thrombosis.

 


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Fig. 5C Patient with portal vein thrombosis. Color Doppler sonograms show absence of blood flow within main portal vein (C) and normal blood flow within adjacent main hepatic artery (D) in this patient with surgically proven portal vein thrombosis.

 


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Fig. 5D Patient with portal vein thrombosis. Color Doppler sonograms show absence of blood flow within main portal vein (C) and normal blood flow within adjacent main hepatic artery (D) in this patient with surgically proven portal vein thrombosis.

 


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Fig. 6A Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with IVC stenosis.

 


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Fig. 6B Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with IVC stenosis.

 


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Fig. 6C Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show low-resistance flow patterns in main (A), right (B), and left (C) hepatic arteries in orthotopic liver transplant graft with IVC stenosis.

 


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Fig. 6D Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show focal narrowing within intrahepatic IVC.

 


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Fig. 6E Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Color Doppler sonograms show focal narrowing within intrahepatic IVC.

 


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Fig. 6F Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Angiograms show high-grade stenosis within intrahepatic IVC.

 


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Fig. 6G Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Angiograms show high-grade stenosis within intrahepatic IVC.

 


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Fig. 6H Patient with inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. Angiogram shows restoration of normal blood and caliber of intrahepatic IVC after balloon venoplasty.

 

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