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Simulation of Aortic Peak Enhancement on MDCT Using a Contrast Material Flow Phantom: Feasibility Study

Kazuo Awai1, Atsushi Hatcho2, Yoshiharu Nakayama1, Shinichiro Kusunoki1, Duo Liu1, Masahiro Hatemura3, Yoshinori Funama4, Masayuki Denbo5, Natsuko Sato6 and Yasuyuki Yamashita1

1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
2 Department of Radiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
3 Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
4 Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
5 Nemoto-Kyorindo, Tokyo, Japan.
6 Philips Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —Diagram shows configuration of flow phantom. Phantom was composed of plastic cistern, pump, flow meter, acrylic hollow cylinder filled with water, hermetic metallic tank, and connecting tubes; 5.5 L of water is circulated by pump through flow phantom. Flow rate of pump was set at 5.5 L/min, a rate equivalent to cardiac output flow rate in a human weighing 60 kg. Contrast material is injected into cistern with power injector. CT was performed at acrylic hollow cylinder.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2 —Phantom study. Graph shows averaged time-enhancement curves obtained with protocols 1 ({circ}), 2 ({diamond}), and 3 ({triangleup}). In protocols 1, 2, and 3, 90, 102, and 150 mL, respectively, of contrast material was administered over 35 sec.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3 —Phantom study. Graph shows averaged time-enhancement curves. Contrast material (102 mL) was delivered over 35 sec (protocol 2, {circ}) and 25 sec (protocol 4, —).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4 —Patient study. Graph shows averaged time-enhancement curves. Groups of patients (n = 5) received 1.5 mL (group A, •), 1.7 mL (group B, {diamondsuit}), or 2.5 mL (group C, {blacktriangleup}) of contrast material per kilogram of body weight over 35 sec. Groups A, B, and C correspond with protocols 1, 2, and 3 in phantom study, respectively.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5 —Patient study. Graph shows averaged time-enhancement curves. Group B ({diamondsuit}) and D (+) patients (n = 5) received 1.7 mL of contrast material per kilogram of body weight over course of 35 sec (group B) or 25 sec (group D). They correspond with protocols 2 and 4 in phantom study, respectively.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6 —Phantom study. Graph shows time-enhancement curves obtained with protocols 1' ({circ}), 2' ({diamond}), and 3' (+). Contrast dose and injection duration were as in protocols 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Saline (10 mL) was injected after administration of contrast material in protocols 1', 2', and 3'.

 

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