Postmortem Angiography After Vascular Perfusion with Diesel Oil and a Lipophilic Contrast Agent
Silke Grabherr1,
Valentin Djonov2,
Armin Friess3,
Michael J. Thali1,
Gerhard Ranner4,
Peter Vock5 and
Richard Dirnhofer1
1 Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, IRM, Buehlstrasse 20,
CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
2 Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
3 Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
4 CT/MRI-Center, Graz, Austria.
5 Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland.
View larger version (71K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1A —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Conventional radiograph obtained 1 minute after iodized oil
(Lipiodol, Ultra Fluide, Guerbet AG) injection. Position of
polytetrafluoroethylene cannula (thick arrow) in thoracic aorta is
indicated. Branches of thoracic aorta, including carotid artery (thin
solid arrow), and small vessels of head, including maxillary arteries
(dashed arrow), are clearly revealed.
|
|
View larger version (119K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1B —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Conventional radiograph of head obtained 3 minutes after Lipiodol
injection depicts late arterial phase of angiography. Small intra- and
extracranial arteries, including facial arteries with branches (thin solid
arrow), bifurcation of carotid artery (thick solid arrow), and
maxillary arteries (dashed arrow), are indicated.
|
|
View larger version (68K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1C —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 4 minutes
after Lipiodol injection reveals arterial phase of angiography. Carotid artery
(dotted arrow), vessels of ear (thick solid arrow), and
brachial artery (dashed arrow) are indicated. Remnants of Lipiodol
injected for conventional radiography are visible within jugular vein
(thin solid arrow).
|
|
View larger version (82K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1D —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Image shows MDCT scan depicted in C in more detail;
branches of facial arteries (arrow) are seen.
|
|
View larger version (69K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1E —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 9 minutes
after Lipiodol injection reveals venous phase of angiography. Jugular veins
(thick arrow) and cephalic vein (thin arrow) are
indicated.
|
|
View larger version (97K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1F —Cranial angiography performed using conventional radiography
(A and B) and MDCT (C-F) in canine cadaver 3 days
postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan of head obtained 14
minutes after Lipiodol injection shows facial vein (thin arrow) and
jugular vein (thick arrow).
|
|
View larger version (70K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 2A —Caudal angiography performed using MDCT in feline cadaver 1
day postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 2
minutes after injection of iodized oil (Lipiodol Ultra Fluide, Guerbet AG)
reveals complete arterial system of pelvis and of muscles of hind limb.
Hypogastric artery (thin solid arrow), arteria epigastrica caudalis
(dotted arrow), arteria tibialis cranialis (dashed arrow),
and arteria saphena (thick solid arrow) are indicated.
|
|
View larger version (37K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 2B —Caudal angiography performed using MDCT in feline cadaver 1
day postmortem. Cross-section of MDCT scan shown in A depicts area
optically cut through inguinal region. Each cross-sectioned femoral artery
(solid arrows) and two longitudinally sectioned vessels (dashed
arrows) are indicated.
|
|
View larger version (58K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 2C —Caudal angiography performed using MDCT in feline cadaver 1
day postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 9
minutes after Lipiodol injection reveals late arterial phase of angiography.
At this juncture, vasculature of femoral muscles, including femoral artery
(thick arrow) and saphenous artery (thin arrow), is less
well contrasted, but main arteries are still clearly visible.
|
|
View larger version (59K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 2D —Caudal angiography performed using MDCT in feline cadaver 1
day postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 25
minutes after Lipiodol injection shows that, at this juncture, part of venous
system is still visible. Saphenous vein (thick arrow) and point of
confluence of deep femoral vein with femoral vein (thin arrow) are
indicated.
|
|
View larger version (35K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 2E —Caudal angiography performed using MDCT in feline cadaver 1
day postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 58
minutes after Lipiodol injection shows that, by this stage, vascular system
has been almost completely cleared of contrast agent. Only a few vessels
(arrows) are patchily revealed.
|
|
View larger version (34K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 3A —Whole-body angiography performed using MDCT in canine cadaver
2 days postmortem. Three-dimensional reconstruction of MDCT scan obtained 2
minutes after iodized oil (Lipiodol Ultra Fluide, Guerbet AG) injection
reveals arterial phase of angiography. Aorta (thin solid arrow) and
arteries of head and visceral organs, such as vasculature of liver (thick
solid arrow) and vasculature of mesentery (dashed arrow), are
clearly visible.
|
|
View larger version (31K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 3B —Whole-body angiography performed using MDCT in canine cadaver
2 days postmortem. Ventral view reveals vasculature of liver (thick solid
arrow), of kidneys (dashed arrows), and of brachiocephalic trunk
on right side and arteria subclavia sinister on left side (thin solid
arrows). Dotted arrow indicates polytetrafluoroethylene tube placed in
left carotid artery.
|
|
View larger version (53K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 3C —Whole-body angiography performed using MDCT in canine cadaver
2 days postmortem. Cross section of liver at level of top line in B 2
minutes after Lipiodol injection shows that most of cross-sectioned hepatic
vessels are visible. Three longitudinally sectioned vessels (arrows)
are indicated.
|
|
View larger version (66K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 3D —Whole-body angiography performed using MDCT in canine cadaver
2 days postmortem. Cross section of liver at level of middle line in B
reveals hepatic veins (arrows).
|
|
View larger version (93K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 3E —Whole-body angiography performed using MDCT in canine cadaver
2 days postmortem. Cross section of kidneys at level of bottom line in
B show large longitudinally sectioned vessel in right kidney
(arrow).
|
|
View larger version (92K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 4A —Chorioallantoic membrane assay. Injection of aqueous
fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC) before diesel oil. Vein running from
center to right-hand side of image (black arrow) and capillary plexus
are filled with FITC. However, diesel oil is confined to artery on left-hand
side (arrowhead); it penetrates no farther than small supplying
vessels (white arrows). Capillaries are free of oil.
|
|
View larger version (28K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 4B —Chorioallantoic membrane assay. Injection of aqueous FITC
after diesel oil. Oil has induced vascular embolization (arrows).
FITC does not penetrate beyond arterioles with caliber of 50 µm.
|
|
View larger version (24K):
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 4C —Chorioallantoic membrane assay. Injection of emulsion of
sodium fluoride (Fluorol, GAF GmbH) and diesel oil. Vascular embolization has
occurred, as evidenced by blind-ending vessels (arrows).
|
|
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
Copyright © 2006 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.
