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ADC Measurement of Abdominal Organs and Lesions Using Parallel Imaging Technique

Takeshi Yoshikawa1, Hideaki Kawamitsu2, Donald G. Mitchell1, Yoshiharu Ohno2, Yonson Ku3, Yasushi Seo4, Masahiko Fujii2 and Kazuro Sugimura2

1 Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 S 10th St., Suite 1096, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
2 Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
3 Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
4 Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —Positions of bottles in phantom study. Position A indicates center, B indicates adjacent to coils, C indicates intermediate position, and D indicates periphery of image.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2A —Diffusion-weighted images of bottle phantom. Acetone phantom was located at periphery of image (D in Fig. 1) and scanned without parallel imaging (A) and with parallel imaging factors of 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (D), and 4 (E). Although phantom is clearly visualized on every image, image distortion is severe on images without parallel imaging and with parallel imaging factor of 1. Parallel imaging improved image quality of diffusion-weighted images. Distortion scores were assigned as 1 for images A and B and assigned as 2 for images C, D, and E.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 2B —Diffusion-weighted images of bottle phantom. Acetone phantom was located at periphery of image (D in Fig. 1) and scanned without parallel imaging (A) and with parallel imaging factors of 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (D), and 4 (E). Although phantom is clearly visualized on every image, image distortion is severe on images without parallel imaging and with parallel imaging factor of 1. Parallel imaging improved image quality of diffusion-weighted images. Distortion scores were assigned as 1 for images A and B and assigned as 2 for images C, D, and E.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 2C —Diffusion-weighted images of bottle phantom. Acetone phantom was located at periphery of image (D in Fig. 1) and scanned without parallel imaging (A) and with parallel imaging factors of 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (D), and 4 (E). Although phantom is clearly visualized on every image, image distortion is severe on images without parallel imaging and with parallel imaging factor of 1. Parallel imaging improved image quality of diffusion-weighted images. Distortion scores were assigned as 1 for images A and B and assigned as 2 for images C, D, and E.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 2D —Diffusion-weighted images of bottle phantom. Acetone phantom was located at periphery of image (D in Fig. 1) and scanned without parallel imaging (A) and with parallel imaging factors of 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (D), and 4 (E). Although phantom is clearly visualized on every image, image distortion is severe on images without parallel imaging and with parallel imaging factor of 1. Parallel imaging improved image quality of diffusion-weighted images. Distortion scores were assigned as 1 for images A and B and assigned as 2 for images C, D, and E.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 2E —Diffusion-weighted images of bottle phantom. Acetone phantom was located at periphery of image (D in Fig. 1) and scanned without parallel imaging (A) and with parallel imaging factors of 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (D), and 4 (E). Although phantom is clearly visualized on every image, image distortion is severe on images without parallel imaging and with parallel imaging factor of 1. Parallel imaging improved image quality of diffusion-weighted images. Distortion scores were assigned as 1 for images A and B and assigned as 2 for images C, D, and E.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 3A —56-year-old man with pathologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Tumor of pancreatic tail (arrows, A) shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma on T2-weighted (A) and diffusion-weighted (B) images.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 3B —56-year-old man with pathologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Tumor of pancreatic tail (arrows, A) shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma on T2-weighted (A) and diffusion-weighted (B) images.

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 3C —56-year-old man with pathologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated (C). Tumor on ADC image shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on normal parenchyma (ROI 1, D) and tumor (ROI 2, D). ADCs of normal parenchyma and tumor were 1.66 and 2.05 x 10-3 mm2/s, respectively.

 

Figure 10
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  		Fig. 3D —56-year-old man with pathologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated (C). Tumor on ADC image shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on normal parenchyma (ROI 1, D) and tumor (ROI 2, D). ADCs of normal parenchyma and tumor were 1.66 and 2.05 x 10-3 mm2/s, respectively.

 

Figure 11
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  		Fig. 4A —40-year-old woman with pathologically proven angiomyolipoma of kidney. Tumor in lower pole of left kidney (arrows, A) shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma on T2-weighted image (A) and hypointensity on diffusion-weighted image (B).

 

Figure 12
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  		Fig. 4B —40-year-old woman with pathologically proven angiomyolipoma of kidney. Tumor in lower pole of left kidney (arrows, A) shows hyperintensity compared with normal parenchyma on T2-weighted image (A) and hypointensity on diffusion-weighted image (B).

 

Figure 13
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  		Fig. 4C —40-year-old woman with pathologically proven angiomyolipoma of kidney. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated (C). Tumor shows hypointensity compared with normal parenchyma on ADC image. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on normal parenchyma (ROI 1, D) and tumor (ROI 2, D). ADCs of normal parenchyma and tumor were 2.85 and 1.33 x 10-3 mm2/s, respectively.

 

Figure 14
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  		Fig. 4D —40-year-old woman with pathologically proven angiomyolipoma of kidney. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated (C). Tumor shows hypointensity compared with normal parenchyma on ADC image. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on normal parenchyma (ROI 1, D) and tumor (ROI 2, D). ADCs of normal parenchyma and tumor were 2.85 and 1.33 x 10-3 mm2/s, respectively.

 

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