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Conscious Sedation Reduces Distress in Children Undergoing Voiding Cystourethrography and Does Not Interfere with the Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric Reflux: A Randomized Controlled Study

David W. Herd1,2, Kim A. McAnulty1, Natalie A. Keene3 and Diane E. Sommerville1

1 Department of Radiology, Waikato Hospital, PO Box 3200, Hamilton, New Zealand.
2 Department of Paediatrics, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
3 Department of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —Diagram shows flow of patients through Voiding Cystourethrography (VCU) Sedation Study from July 2001 to July 2003. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of patients. Responses are those of caregivers. ASA = American Society of Anesthesiology.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2 —Bar graph shows number of children (n = 117) who experienced serious or severe distress (Groningen Distress Rating Scale [GDRS] score > 2) at each phase of voiding cystourethrography. Fifty-six received placebo (black bars) and 61 received midazolam (white bars).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3 —Bar graph shows peak distress score at any stage during voiding cystourethrography (VCU) (n = 117). Fifty-six received placebo (black bars) and 61 received midazolam (white bars). Striped box represents four children—all of whom were in placebo group—who failed to complete VCU due to panic.

 

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