Gadodiamide-Associated Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Why Radiologists Should Be Concerned
Dale R. Broome1,
Mark S. Girguis1,
Pedro W. Baron2,
Alfred C. Cottrell3,
Ingrid Kjellin1 and
Gerald A. Kirk1
1 Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson
St., MC Room 2605, Loma Linda, CA 92354.
2 Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Loma Linda University Medical
Center, Loma Linda, CA.
3 Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Loma Linda University Medical
Center, Loma Linda, CA.

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Fig. 1A Two patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) that developed
after gadodiamide injection. Photograph of 46-year-old man shows skin changes
due to NSF, including slightly raised and erythematous nodular plaques, and
linear and confluent regions of fibrosis.
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Fig. 1B Two patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) that developed
after gadodiamide injection. Photograph of 30-year-old woman with soft-tissue
swelling and flexion contractures of hand (with fingers maximally extended)
due to NSF.
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Fig. 2A 59-year-old man with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with both
skeletal muscle and skin findings. Anteroposterior 99mTc HDP 3-hour
bone scan shows symmetric increased radionuclide skin and muscle uptake in
entire lower extremity and distal upper extremities.
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Fig. 2B 59-year-old man with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with both
skeletal muscle and skin findings. Axial T1- and fat-suppressed T2-weighted
images of thighs show symmetric skin thickening and edema in medial thighs.
There is also marked edema in subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fascia, and
thigh muscles with some sparing of posterior thigh muscles.
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Fig. 2C 59-year-old man with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with both
skeletal muscle and skin findings. Axial T1- and fat-suppressed T2-weighted
images of thighs show symmetric skin thickening and edema in medial thighs.
There is also marked edema in subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fascia, and
thigh muscles with some sparing of posterior thigh muscles.
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Fig. 3A 30-year-old woman with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with
predominant skin finding. Anteroposterior and lateral 99mTc HDP
delayed bone scan shows extensive symmetric skin uptake in lower extremities
and distal upper extremities. Uptake is also seen in calf muscles, Achilles
tendon, and chest wall.
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Fig. 3B 30-year-old woman with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with
predominant skin finding. Anteroposterior and lateral 99mTc HDP
delayed bone scan shows extensive symmetric skin uptake in lower extremities
and distal upper extremities. Uptake is also seen in calf muscles, Achilles
tendon, and chest wall.
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Copyright © 2007 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.