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Measurement of Caval Blood Flow with MRI During Respiratory Maneuvers: Implications for Vascular Contrast Opacification on Pulmonary CT Angiographic Studies

Ronald S. Kuzo1, Robert A. Pooley1, Julia E. Crook2, Michael G. Heckman2 and Thomas C. Gerber1,3

1 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224.
2 Biostatistics Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224.
3 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —28-year-old woman in good health. Axial phase image obtained between azygous vein confluence and right atrium with region of interest placed on superior vena cava.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2 —30-year-old man in good health. Axial phase image obtained below level of right atrium with region of interest placed on inferior vena cava.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3 —Graph shows blood flow measured with velocity-encoded MRI in superior vena cava (black bars) and inferior vena cava (white bars) during respiratory maneuvers in 10 healthy volunteers. Asterisks indicate p < 0.01 versus baseline (free breathing).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4A —42-year-old man with anxiety and dyspnea. Initial pulmonary CT angiogram obtained with deep prescan inspiration shows poor pulmonary artery opacification but dense contrast enhancement in superior vena cava and aorta consistent with transient interruption of contrast artifact.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 4B —42-year-old man with anxiety and dyspnea. Pulmonary CT angiogram obtained 5 minutes after A with same contrast injection volume, rate, and timing delay but in expiration with no preliminary inspiration shows opacification of pulmonary artery is markedly better than in A.

 

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