HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) CME Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Choudhary, A. K. Articles by Strife, J. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Choudhary, A. K. Articles by Strife, J. L. Social Bookmarking                      What's this? Hotlight (NEW!) What's Hotlight?

Diseases Associated with Childhood Obesity

¹ All authors: Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3030.

View larger version (92K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1A —Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), echocardiographic views in 16-year-old girl. Parasternal short-axis sonogram shows no evidence of LVH. Arrows indicate normal-sized left ventricular wall.

View larger version (90K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1B —Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), echocardiographic views in 16-year-old girl. Parasternal short-axis sonogram shows LVH in 314-lb (142-kg) adolescent girl with markedly thickened left ventricular wall (arrows).

View larger version (101K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2A —13-year-old girl referred for evaluation of sleep apnea and airway obstruction. Anteroposterior radiograph of neck shows massive soft-tissue obesity.

View larger version (84K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2B —13-year-old girl referred for evaluation of sleep apnea and airway obstruction. Lateral scout image from CT shows narrowing of nasopharynx and excessive soft tissue.

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3A —Airway obstruction in 18-year-old boy. Axial T1-weighted image obtained during sleep apnea evaluation shows excessive soft tissue, indicative of obesity. Arrows indicate open airways.

View larger version (133K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3B —Airway obstruction in 18-year-old boy. Axial T1-weighted cine MR image shows complete obstruction at level of hypopharynx (arrows).

View larger version (152K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3C —Airway obstruction in 18-year-old boy. Sagittal T1-weighted image reveals excessive soft tissue and enlargement of adenoids (A). Arrow indicates open airways. P = palatine tonsil, T = tongue.

View larger version (148K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3D —Airway obstruction in 18-year-old boy. Sagittal T1-weighted cine MR image also shows complete obstruction at level of hypopharynx (arrow).

View larger version (95K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 4A —Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 14-year-old boy. Transverse sonogram shows echogenic liver and poor visualization of portal triads.

View larger version (129K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 4B —Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 14-year-old boy. Axial CT scan through abdomen shows low attenuation throughout liver. Density of liver measures 28 H; of spleen, 91 H.

View larger version (204K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 5A —Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children. Biopsy specimen shows fatty infiltration, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, and pericellular fibrosis.

View larger version (162K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 5B —Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children. Compare with normal specimen from liver biopsy.

View larger version (82K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6A —Cholelithiasis in 12-year-old girl. Longitudinal sonogram of gallbladder shows echogenic foci (arrow) and acoustic shadowing indicative of gallstones.

View larger version (137K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6B —Cholelithiasis in 12-year-old girl. Axial CT scan of abdomen shows multiple cholesterol gallstones (arrow) that typically have low attenuation.

View larger version (72K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 7A —Polycystic ovarian syndrome in 14-year-old girl. Transabdominal sonogram shows enlarged right ovary (arrow). Sonography was difficult to perform because of large body habitus.

View larger version (83K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 7B —Polycystic ovarian syndrome in 14-year-old girl. Transvaginal sonogram shows large left ovary with multiple cysts (arrow), suggestive of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

View larger version (97K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 8 —14-year-old boy with advanced skeletal age. Single radiograph of hand shows excessive soft tissue (obesity) and advanced skeletal age of 17 years.

View larger version (106K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 9A —Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 11-year-old boy. Anteroposterior radiograph of hip shows obesity (arrows) that degrades imaging of hip joint.

View larger version (136K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 9B —Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 11-year-old boy. Frogleg lateral radiograph of hip shows obesity (white arrows) and right slipped capital femoral epiphysis (black arrow).

View larger version (148K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 10A —Blount disease (tibia vara) in two girls. In 11-year-old obese girl, radiograph with patient standing shows loss of height of medial tibial epiphysis and slanting (tibia vara) (arrow).

View larger version (159K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 10B —Blount disease (tibia vara) in two girls. In 4-year-old obese girl, coronal T1-weighted MR image (B) shows irregular, widening depression of medial growth plate; unossified medial epiphysis (arrow); and hypertrophy of medial meniscus. Coronal T2-weighted fast spin-echo image (C) illustrates edema of medial epiphysis and irregularity of growth plate cartilage (arrow) that extends medially and inferiorly.

View larger version (135K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 10C —Blount disease (tibia vara) in two girls. In 4-year-old obese girl, coronal T1-weighted MR image (B) shows irregular, widening depression of medial growth plate; unossified medial epiphysis (arrow); and hypertrophy of medial meniscus. Coronal T2-weighted fast spin-echo image (C) illustrates edema of medial epiphysis and irregularity of growth plate cartilage (arrow) that extends medially and inferiorly.

View larger version (94K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 11 —Osteoarthritis of knee joint in 16-year-old girl with chronic knee pain. Anteroposterior radiograph of knee joint shows obesity, loss of height of medial component, and small osteophyte (arrow).

View larger version (116K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 12A —Pseudotumor cerebri in 19-year-old girl who presented with visual loss and papilledema on ophthalmologic examination. T2-weighted axial (A) and coronal (B) MR images show increased fluid in optic sheath (arrows) surrounding optic nerve. Brain was otherwise normal, and no dural sinus thrombosis was seen.

View larger version (115K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 12B —Pseudotumor cerebri in 19-year-old girl who presented with visual loss and papilledema on ophthalmologic examination. T2-weighted axial (A) and coronal (B) MR images show increased fluid in optic sheath (arrows) surrounding optic nerve. Brain was otherwise normal, and no dural sinus thrombosis was seen.

View larger version (155K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 12C —Pseudotumor cerebri in 19-year-old girl who presented with visual loss and papilledema on ophthalmologic examination. Because of obesity, interventional imaging was used for lumbar puncture. Arrow indicates needle tip.

View larger version (112K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 13A —Deep venous thrombosis in 15-year-old obese girl. Longitudinal sonogram using 4-MHZ probe shows clot (solid arrow) in proximal femoral vein. Normal flow is seen in patent left proximal femoral artery (dashed arrow).

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 13B —Deep venous thrombosis in 15-year-old obese girl. Transverse sonograms without (right) and with (left) compression show occluding clot and noncompressible vein (arrows). Femoral artery (A) is adjacent to vein (V).

View larger version (104K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 14A —Pulmonary artery embolism in 14-year-old obese boy who presented with chest pain. Axial pulmonary CT angiogram shows filling defect in inferior left pulmonary artery (arrow).

View larger version (116K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 14B —Pulmonary artery embolism in 14-year-old obese boy who presented with chest pain. Axial CT scan of pelvis shows dilatation of right iliac vein and occlusive clot (solid arrow). Dotted arrow shows normal left iliac vein. Note soft-tissue obesity.

View larger version (62K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 15A —Technical challenges in imaging obese patients. Lateral chest radiograph in10-year-old boy is nondiagnostic because of excessive soft tissue, even with optimum exposure factors.

View larger version (147K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 15B —Technical challenges in imaging obese patients. Axial CT scan in 11-year-old boy was obtained because of trauma and shows poor resolution of bones despite adjustment of exposure factors.

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati