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Neonatal Chest Computed Radiography: Image Processing and Optimal Image Display

Steven Don1,2, Bruce R. Whiting2, Jacquelyn S. Ellinwood3, David H. Foos3, Keith A. Kronemer1 and Richard A. Kraus1

1 Mallinckrodt Institute for Radiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110.
2 Electronic Research Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute for Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
3 Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1A —Normal neonatal chest radiographs illustrate response curve to brightness adjustments for neonatal chest computed radiography. Lungs appear progressively lighter from lowest brightness to highest brightness. Low-brightness image.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 1B —Normal neonatal chest radiographs illustrate response curve to brightness adjustments for neonatal chest computed radiography. Lungs appear progressively lighter from lowest brightness to highest brightness. Reference T-MAT G (Eastman Kodak Company) image.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 1C —Normal neonatal chest radiographs illustrate response curve to brightness adjustments for neonatal chest computed radiography. Lungs appear progressively lighter from lowest brightness to highest brightness. High-brightness image.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 1D —Normal neonatal chest radiographs illustrate response curve to brightness adjustments for neonatal chest computed radiography. Lungs appear progressively lighter from lowest brightness to highest brightness. Graph shows adjustment of characteristic curve from lowest to highest brightness. At fixed input code value, lowest brightness images have higher or more lung density output and highest brightness images have lower or more bone density output.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 2A —Normal neonatal chest radiographs show detail contrast adjustment of response curve for neonatal chest computed radiograph. See reference image in Figure 1B for comparison. Difference in contrast between air in stomach and ribs is evident. Low-detail contrast image appears gray.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 2B —Normal neonatal chest radiographs show detail contrast adjustment of response curve for neonatal chest computed radiograph. See reference image in Figure 1B for comparison. Difference in contrast between air in stomach and ribs is evident. High-detail contrast image is more black and white than A.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 2C —Normal neonatal chest radiographs show detail contrast adjustment of response curve for neonatal chest computed radiograph. See reference image in Figure 1B for comparison. Difference in contrast between air in stomach and ribs is evident. Graph shows adjustment of response curve. As detail contrast increases, characteristic curve becomes steeper (T-MAT G, Eastman Kodak Company).

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 3A —Normal neonatal chest radiograph with latitude adjustment of response curve for neonatal chest computed radiograph. See reference image in Figure 1B for comparison. Difference in free-in-air exposure and soft tissue around humerus is evident. Wide-latitude image appears gray.

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 3B —Normal neonatal chest radiograph with latitude adjustment of response curve for neonatal chest computed radiograph. See reference image in Figure 1B for comparison. Difference in free-in-air exposure and soft tissue around humerus is evident. Graph shows adjustment of characteristic curve. As latitude increases, steepness of response curve decreases. This finding applies to low-spatial-frequency data only.

 

Figure 10
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  		Fig. 4A —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. Reference image.

 

Figure 11
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  		Fig. 4B —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. Low-brightness image.

 

Figure 12
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  		Fig. 4C —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. High-brightness image.

 

Figure 13
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  		Fig. 4D —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. Low-contrast image.

 

Figure 14
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  		Fig. 4E —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. High-contrast image.

 

Figure 15
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  		Fig. 4F —Neonatal chest radiographs with pneumothorax. Images show effects of brightness, detail contrast, and latitude adjustment on neonatal chest radiographs. Wide-latitude image.

 

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