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Medical Illustration Techniques for PowerPoint: Part 1, The Basics

¹ Both authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Section of Thoracic Imaging, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., HB6, Cleveland, OH 44195.

View larger version (63K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1A —Differences between bitmap and vector graphics. 1 = right brachiocephalic vein, 2 = left brachiocephalic vein. Bitmap drawing shows anatomic relations between major structures in upper mediastinum, excluding central airways. SVC = superior vena cava.

View larger version (49K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1B —Differences between bitmap and vector graphics. 1 = right brachiocephalic vein, 2 = left brachiocephalic vein. Vector drawing of object in A. Shading is more exquisite and realistic in A than in B. Unlike A, B contains multiple and separate mathematically defined objects. For example, each vascular structure in B is considered one object and can be adjusted separately from other objects. SVC = superior vena cava.

View larger version (83K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1C —Differences between bitmap and vector graphics. 1 = right brachiocephalic vein, 2 = left brachiocephalic vein. Magnification of upper left corners of bitmap (A, C) and vector (B, D) drawings. Resizing of bitmap image decreases definition and increases pixelation. Because it is not limited by pixel resolution of original drawing, vector image maintains its clarity and detail when scaled to any size or printed at any resolution.

View larger version (41K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1D —Differences between bitmap and vector graphics. 1 = right brachiocephalic vein, 2 = left brachiocephalic vein. Magnification of upper left corners of bitmap (A, C) and vector (B, D) drawings. Resizing of bitmap image decreases definition and increases pixelation. Because it is not limited by pixel resolution of original drawing, vector image maintains its clarity and detail when scaled to any size or printed at any resolution.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2 —PowerPoint (Microsoft) screen shot shows initial settings. A = Drawing toolbar, B = Toolbar Options, C = Drawing option of Add or Remove Buttons box, D = Line button, E = Select Multiple Objects button.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3 —PowerPoint (Microsoft) screen shot shows Autoshapes menu (A) and Lines toolbar (B). Screen shots show steps of permanently displaying Lines toolbar are dragging Lines toolbar from its top dotted holder and releasing it to nearby area (C) and then dragging it down next to Drawing toolbar (D).

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 4 —PowerPoint (Microsoft) screen shot shows toolbars. A = Drawing, B = Lines, C=Order, D = Rotate or Flip.

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 5 —PowerPoint (Microsoft) screen shot shows line drawing of left lung and central airways. A = airways drawn with Freeform tool, B = lung drawn with Curve tool. Right clicking inside lung and selecting Edit Points results in display of anchor points (vertexes) as small squares (1) along curve. Curved line segments (2) are present between vertexes. Menu appears after right clicking over point. Check mark indicates type of point. Point type can be changed by selection of different type from menu.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6A —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. Auto points of curved line segments. One anchor point in object is labeled 1. Direction point (2) and Direction line, or handle (3), appear after Auto point is changed into Corner point as described in Figure 5.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6B —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. Handles of Corner point can be changed independently, producing sharply angulated curves.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6C —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. Adjusting handles of Corner point changes width of angle and curvature of line segments.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6D —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. After Auto point is changed into Smooth point, handles become aligned and of equal length.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6E —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. Adjusting length of handles of smooth point affects curvature of associated line segments.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6F —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. Adjusting direction of handles adjusts curvature of associated line segments.

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 6G —Types of anchor points. Arrows in B-G indicate direction of adjustment of directional point. After Auto point is changed into Straight point, handles remain aligned, but length of handles can be changed independently, producing less-symmetric and somewhat angulated curve.

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 7 —PowerPoint (Microsoft) screen shot shows line drawing of left lung and central airways. Straight lines (such as trachea) are drawn by clicking and moving with Freeform tool. Curved lines (such as left mainstem bronchus) are drawn by dragging with Freeform tool. Curved line made with this tool is less smooth than line made with Curve tool. After right clicking inside airways and selection of Edit Points, anchor points (vertexes) are displayed as small squares. Right clicking over line segment brings up menu. Check mark indicates current type of line segment (straight or smooth). Line type can be changed with selection of another segment type from menu.

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