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Volumetric Quantitative CT of the Spine and Hip Derived from Contrast-Enhanced MDCT: Conversion Factors

¹ Department of Radiology, Technische Univerität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Roentgendiagnostik, Ismaninger Str. 22, München, Germany 81675.
² Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

View larger version (125K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1A —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Dedicated quantitative CT scans show L1 (A), L2 (B), and L3 (C).

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1B —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Dedicated quantitative CT scans show L1 (A), L2 (B), and L3 (C).

View larger version (137K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1C —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Dedicated quantitative CT scans show L1 (A), L2 (B), and L3 (C).

View larger version (115K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1D —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. CT slice selections in sagittal view corresponding to A-C show L1 (D), L2 (E), and L3 (F).

View larger version (124K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1E —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. CT slice selections in sagittal view corresponding to A-C show L1 (D), L2 (E), and L3 (F).

View larger version (127K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1F —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. CT slice selections in sagittal view corresponding to A-C show L1 (D), L2 (E), and L3 (F).

View larger version (128K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1G —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scans show L1 (G), L2 (H), and L3 (I).

View larger version (121K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1H —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scans show L1 (G), L2 (H), and L3 (I).

View larger version (134K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1I —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density in 3D MDCT data sets. Although bone mineral density measurements were significantly different visually, no differences are evident. L1 exhibits hemangioma and was excluded from evaluation. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scans show L1 (G), L2 (H), and L3 (I).

View larger version (67K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2A —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Use of CT data sets for evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) in hip. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-like projection image for 2D evaluation.

View larger version (78K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2B —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Use of CT data sets for evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) in hip. Dedicated quantitative CT scan shows 3D BMD evaluation.

View larger version (133K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2C —69-year-old woman with colon cancer. Use of CT data sets for evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) in hip. Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows 3D BMD evaluation. Enhanced blood vessels are evident.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3A —Plots of bone mineral density (BMD) without (quantitative CT [QCT]) and with (MDCT) contrast enhancement. Graph shows linear fit for L1-L3 vertebral bodies of 40 patients (n = 108, r = 0.98, p < 0.001). Squares indicate L1; triangles, L2; crosses, L3.

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3B —Plots of bone mineral density (BMD) without (quantitative CT [QCT]) and with (MDCT) contrast enhancement. Graph shows linear fit for different regions of hips (n =170, r =0.99, p < 0.001) of 21 patients (n = 34, 13 bilateral, eight single hip examinations). Diamonds indicate total proximal femur; triangles, trochanter; crosses, intertrochanteric region; squares, neck; circles, Ward's triangle.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 4A —Bland-Altman plots. Squares indicate L1; triangles, L2; crosses, L3. Graph shows bone mineral density (BMD) measured with quantitative CT and predicted with MDCT findings are exchangeable because no significant difference is present (p > 0.05).

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 4B —Bland-Altman plots. Squares indicate L1; triangles, L2; crosses, L3. Graph shows no systematic error is present.

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