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Three-Dimensional Visualization of Liver Segments on Contrast-Enhanced Intraoperative Sonography

Junichi Arita1, Norihiro Kokudo, Keming Zhang and Masatoshi Makuuchi

1 All authors: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1A —Intraoperative sonography with injection of 3 µL/kg of YM454 (perflutren lipid microspheres, Yamanouchi) and 3 mL of indigo carmine in a canine model. Baseline sonogram shows catheter in portal vein branch (arrow).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 1B —Intraoperative sonography with injection of 3 µL/kg of YM454 (perflutren lipid microspheres, Yamanouchi) and 3 mL of indigo carmine in a canine model. Well-delineated 3D segmental staining (arrows) was seen after injection. Catheter in portal vein branch (arrowhead) also is seen.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 2 —Well-delineated 3D segmental staining was seen (arrows) after injection of 3 µL/kg of YM454 (perflutren lipid microspheres, Yamanouchi) and 3 mL of indigo carmine in a canine model. Catheter in portal vein branch (arrowhead) is also seen.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 3 —Shadowing just after injection of contrast agent in a canine model interferes with visualization.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 4 —Surface of canine liver segmentally stained by indigo carmine (arrows) just after injection of 3 µL/kg of YM454 (perflutren lipid microspheres, Yamanouchi) and 3 mL of indigo carmine.

 

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