High-Resolution 3D Cartilage Imaging with IDEAL–SPGR at 3 T
David B. Siepmann1,
Jeff McGovern2,
Jean H. Brittain3 and
Scott B. Reeder1,4
1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, 600
Highland Ave., CSC E1/374, Madison, WI 53792.
2 GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI.
3 Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI.
4 Departments of Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
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Fig. 1A —36-year-old man with healthy knee. Representative lateral
parasagittal MR images from IDEAL–SPGR (A–C) and
fat-saturated SPGR (D) acquisitions with equal acquired resolution and
imaging times. IDEAL–SPGR acquisition provides fat only (C) and
combined fat–water images (A) in addition to water images
(B). This capability improves signal-to-noise ratio and markedly
improves cartilage–fluid contrast compared with that of equivalent
fat-saturated SPGR image (D).
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Fig. 1B —36-year-old man with healthy knee. Representative lateral
parasagittal MR images from IDEAL–SPGR (A–C) and
fat-saturated SPGR (D) acquisitions with equal acquired resolution and
imaging times. IDEAL–SPGR acquisition provides fat only (C) and
combined fat–water images (A) in addition to water images
(B). This capability improves signal-to-noise ratio and markedly
improves cartilage–fluid contrast compared with that of equivalent
fat-saturated SPGR image (D).
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Fig. 1C —36-year-old man with healthy knee. Representative lateral
parasagittal MR images from IDEAL–SPGR (A–C) and
fat-saturated SPGR (D) acquisitions with equal acquired resolution and
imaging times. IDEAL–SPGR acquisition provides fat only (C) and
combined fat–water images (A) in addition to water images
(B). This capability improves signal-to-noise ratio and markedly
improves cartilage–fluid contrast compared with that of equivalent
fat-saturated SPGR image (D).
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Fig. 1D —36-year-old man with healthy knee. Representative lateral
parasagittal MR images from IDEAL–SPGR (A–C) and
fat-saturated SPGR (D) acquisitions with equal acquired resolution and
imaging times. IDEAL–SPGR acquisition provides fat only (C) and
combined fat–water images (A) in addition to water images
(B). This capability improves signal-to-noise ratio and markedly
improves cartilage–fluid contrast compared with that of equivalent
fat-saturated SPGR image (D).
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Fig. 2A —Comparison of calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and
contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between patellar cartilage and articular fluid
values with IDEAL–SPGR (dark gray) and fat-saturated SPGR
(light gray) techniques. Error bars represent standard error above
and below mean. Other than SNR of synovial fluid, all results are
statistically significant (p < 0.05). Graph shows IDEAL–SPGR
provides significant SNR advantage for patellar and femoral cartilage and for
muscle. SNR values for synovial fluid are approximately equivalent for the two
techniques.
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Fig. 2B —Comparison of calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and
contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between patellar cartilage and articular fluid
values with IDEAL–SPGR (dark gray) and fat-saturated SPGR
(light gray) techniques. Error bars represent standard error above
and below mean. Other than SNR of synovial fluid, all results are
statistically significant (p < 0.05). Graph shows IDEAL–SPGR
markedly improving CNR between patellar cartilage and articular fluid compared
with fat-saturated SPGR for both patellar and femoral cartilage.
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Fig. 3A —34-year-old man with healthy knee. Magnified sagittal MR
images allow better comparison of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for patellar
cartilage and synovial fluid. IDEAL–SPGR image (A) shows lower
signal intensity in fluid, and therefore better CNR, than does fat-saturated
SPGR image (B).
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Fig. 3B —34-year-old man with healthy knee. Magnified sagittal MR
images allow better comparison of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for patellar
cartilage and synovial fluid. IDEAL–SPGR image (A) shows lower
signal intensity in fluid, and therefore better CNR, than does fat-saturated
SPGR image (B).
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Fig. 4A —35-year-old man with healthy knee. MR images show that in
addition to signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio advantages,
IDEAL–SPGR sequence yields not only images with robust fat saturation
(A) but also fat-only (B) and in-phase (C) and out-of
phase (D) recombined images with no additional imaging time. This
capability may lead to methods for evaluating bone marrow abnormalities such
as edema, which is common in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Fig. 4B —35-year-old man with healthy knee. MR images show that in
addition to signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio advantages,
IDEAL–SPGR sequence yields not only images with robust fat saturation
(A) but also fat-only (B) and in-phase (C) and out-of
phase (D) recombined images with no additional imaging time. This
capability may lead to methods for evaluating bone marrow abnormalities such
as edema, which is common in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Fig. 4C —35-year-old man with healthy knee. MR images show that in
addition to signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio advantages,
IDEAL–SPGR sequence yields not only images with robust fat saturation
(A) but also fat-only (B) and in-phase (C) and out-of
phase (D) recombined images with no additional imaging time. This
capability may lead to methods for evaluating bone marrow abnormalities such
as edema, which is common in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Fig. 4D —35-year-old man with healthy knee. MR images show that in
addition to signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio advantages,
IDEAL–SPGR sequence yields not only images with robust fat saturation
(A) but also fat-only (B) and in-phase (C) and out-of
phase (D) recombined images with no additional imaging time. This
capability may lead to methods for evaluating bone marrow abnormalities such
as edema, which is common in patients with osteoarthritis.
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