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VIBE MRI for Evaluating the Normal and Abnormal Gastrointestinal Tract in Fetuses

¹ Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa City, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa City, Hokkaido, Japan.

View larger version (119K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1A —MR images of fetus at 35 weeks 4 days' gestation show normal gastrointestinal tract. St = stomach, pSm = proximal small intestine, dSm = distal small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, Sg = sigmoid colon, R = rectum, L = liver, B = urinary bladder. Coronal T2-weighted image shows high signal intensity from stomach to small intestine but low signal intensity from transverse colon to sigmoid colon.

View larger version (104K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1B —MR images of fetus at 35 weeks 4 days' gestation show normal gastrointestinal tract. St = stomach, pSm = proximal small intestine, dSm = distal small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, Sg = sigmoid colon, R = rectum, L = liver, B = urinary bladder. Coronal 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo image shows low signal intensity in stomach and high signal intensity from distal small intestine to colon and rectum. Proximal small intestine shows higher signal intensity than liver does.

View larger version (68K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 1C —MR images of fetus at 35 weeks 4 days' gestation show normal gastrointestinal tract. St = stomach, pSm = proximal small intestine, dSm = distal small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, Sg = sigmoid colon, R = rectum, L = liver, B = urinary bladder. Volume-rendered image in anteroposterior view visualizes through distal small intestine to rectum and also shows liver.

View larger version (111K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2A —MR images of fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 37 weeks 5 days' gestation. R = rectum, L = liver. Coronal T2-weighted (A) and 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (B) images show herniated intestine in left thoracic space. Extent of colon into left thoracic space (arrows) is clearly visualized.

View larger version (104K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2B —MR images of fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 37 weeks 5 days' gestation. R = rectum, L = liver. Coronal T2-weighted (A) and 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (B) images show herniated intestine in left thoracic space. Extent of colon into left thoracic space (arrows) is clearly visualized.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2C —MR images of fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 37 weeks 5 days' gestation. R = rectum, L = liver. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (C) and posteroanterior (D) views show anatomic relationship between herniated colon and liver. Colon beyond diaphragm (arrows, C), is clearly shown. Liver has normal shape. Small intestine is not visualized.

View larger version (57K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 2D —MR images of fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 37 weeks 5 days' gestation. R = rectum, L = liver. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (C) and posteroanterior (D) views show anatomic relationship between herniated colon and liver. Colon beyond diaphragm (arrows, C), is clearly shown. Liver has normal shape. Small intestine is not visualized.

View larger version (111K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3A —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows extraabdominal bowel (arrows) has low signal intensity.

View larger version (116K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3B —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Coronal 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo image shows absence of colon in abdominal cavity.

View larger version (117K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3C —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Sagittal multiplanar reformatted (MPR) T1-weighted images show eviscerated bowel has high signal intensity, which is consistent with normal colon. Small intestine appears normal. When coronal image sections cannot show abnormal findings, MPR images are useful for evaluation.

View larger version (119K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3D —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Sagittal multiplanar reformatted (MPR) T1-weighted images show eviscerated bowel has high signal intensity, which is consistent with normal colon. Small intestine appears normal. When coronal image sections cannot show abnormal findings, MPR images are useful for evaluation.

View larger version (74K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3E —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (E), oblique left-to-right (F), left-to-right (G), and right-to-left (H) views show condition of eviscerated bowel segments of gastroschisis. No volvulus or bowel atresia is seen. Site of abdominal wall defect is predictable because intestine becomes constricted just at defect site (arrows). Small intestine is not visualized.

View larger version (64K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3F —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (E), oblique left-to-right (F), left-to-right (G), and right-to-left (H) views show condition of eviscerated bowel segments of gastroschisis. No volvulus or bowel atresia is seen. Site of abdominal wall defect is predictable because intestine becomes constricted just at defect site (arrows). Small intestine is not visualized.

View larger version (78K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3G —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (E), oblique left-to-right (F), left-to-right (G), and right-to-left (H) views show condition of eviscerated bowel segments of gastroschisis. No volvulus or bowel atresia is seen. Site of abdominal wall defect is predictable because intestine becomes constricted just at defect site (arrows). Small intestine is not visualized.

View larger version (79K): [in this window] [in a new window] [as a PowerPoint slide]   Fig. 3H —MR images of fetus with gastroschisis at 28 weeks 6 days' gestation. Sm = small intestine, As = ascending colon, Tr = transverse colon, Ds = descending colon, R = rectum, L = liver, St = stomach. Volume-rendered images in anteroposterior (E), oblique left-to-right (F), left-to-right (G), and right-to-left (H) views show condition of eviscerated bowel segments of gastroschisis. No volvulus or bowel atresia is seen. Site of abdominal wall defect is predictable because intestine becomes constricted just at defect site (arrows). Small intestine is not visualized.

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