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MDCT Analysis of Projectile Injury in Forensic Investigation

H. Theodore Harcke1,2, Angela D. Levy2, John M. Getz3 and Stephen R. Robinson3

1 Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC.
2 Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
3 Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rockville, MD.


Figure 1
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Fig. 1A Single gunshot wound to head. Three-dimensional reconstruction image shows midline frontal entrance (solid arrow) and right occipital exit (dashed arrow).

 

Figure 2
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Fig. 1B Single gunshot wound to head. Axial CT image shows frontal entrance wound has internal beveling (arrowheads) and occipital exit wound has external beveling (arrows).

 

Figure 3
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Fig. 1C Single gunshot wound to head. Reconstructed oblique sagittal image shows bone and metallic fragments are distributed along track within soft tissue.

 

Figure 4
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Fig. 2A Gunshot wound to chest. Images show evidence of tissue and organ damage and bone interaction with bilateral pleural fluid. Axial image of chest shows wound entrance in right chest wall (arrow). Bullet passes through posterior mediastinum (arrowhead).

 

Figure 5
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Fig. 2B Gunshot wound to chest. Images show evidence of tissue and organ damage and bone interaction with bilateral pleural fluid. Axial image of abdomen shows left lower rib fracture at site of exit (arrow).

 

Figure 6
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Fig. 3A Penetrating projectile injury of head. Three-dimensional reconstruction of skull shows occipital entry fracture defect.

 

Figure 7
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Fig. 3B Penetrating projectile injury of head. Coronal reconstruction image shows projectile in right parietal lobe (arrow).

 

Figure 8
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Fig. 3C Penetrating projectile injury of head. Sagittal oblique reconstruction image shows wound path is determined by bone fragments along right petrous ridge and high-attenuation hemorrhage in wound path (arrowhead). Projectile struck petrous bone after entry and changed direction to its final location. Note bone fragments adjacent to right petrous bone (arrow).

 

Figure 9
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Fig. 4A Penetrating projectile wound of head. Photograph shows entry wound through nose.

 

Figure 10
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Fig. 4B Penetrating projectile wound of head. Sagittal reconstructed CT image shows projectile wound track passes into posterior fossa through inferior portion of petrous ridge. Nonlinear path of projectile indicates that it was diverted by impact on occipital bone.

 

Figure 11
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Fig. 4C Penetrating projectile wound of head. Sagittal reconstructed CT image shows final position of projectile.

 

Figure 12
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Fig. 4D Penetrating projectile wound of head. Photograph shows gross pathology. Note right petrous fracture at skull base (arrow).

 

Figure 13
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Fig. 4E Penetrating projectile wound of head. Photograph shows recovered projectile.

 

Figure 14
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Fig. 5A Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Photograph shows entrance wound of left cheek.

 

Figure 15
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Fig. 5B Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Coronal CT image at entry shows fractures of left mandible (arrow).

 

Figure 16
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Fig. 5C Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Coronal CT image shows C2 and C3 fractures and wound track (arrows).

 

Figure 17
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Fig. 5D Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Coronal CT image shows exit wound in right track (arrow).

 

Figure 18
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Fig. 5E Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Photograph shows exit wound.

 

Figure 19
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Fig. 5F Perforating gunshot wound of head and neck. Oblique sagittal reconstruction image approximating wound track.

 

Figure 20
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Fig. 6A Perforating gunshot wound of thorax. Axial CT image shows entrance wound in anterior left chest (arrowhead). Note right pneumothorax and bilateral hemothoraces.

 

Figure 21
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Fig. 6B Perforating gunshot wound of thorax. Axial CT image shows path crosses mediastinum and exits through right posterior rib (arrowhead).

 

Figure 22
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Fig. 6C Perforating gunshot wound of thorax. Axial chest CT image shows fracture defect in right scapula. Note this image is more cranial than where rib fracture occurred.

 

Figure 23
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Fig. 6D Perforating gunshot wound of thorax. Three-dimensional reconstruction image of thorax viewed from posterior shows bone fracture defects in right sixth rib and medial margin of right scapula. Note malalignment in autopsy position.

 

Figure 24
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Fig. 6E Perforating gunshot wound of thorax. Autopsy photograph shows rod demonstration of wound track. Note that with flexion of upper arm, scapula rotates, and alignment is achieved.

 

Figure 25
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Fig. 7A Keyhole fracture of skull caused by tangential gunshot. Sagittal reconstruction image at entry impact shows internal beveling (arrows).

 

Figure 26
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Fig. 7B Keyhole fracture of skull caused by tangential gunshot. Sagittal reconstruction image at exit shows larger defect and external bevel (arrows).

 

Figure 27
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Fig. 7C Keyhole fracture of skull caused by tangential gunshot. Three-dimensional reconstruction image of skull shows smaller entry (arrows) and larger exit.

 

Figure 28
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Fig. 7D Keyhole fracture of skull caused by tangential gunshot. Photograph shows gross pathology.

 

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