Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of the Costs and Effects of Noninvasive Diagnostic Imaging in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: The DIPAD Trial
Rody Ouwendijk1,2,
Marianne de Vries3,
Theo Stijnen2,
Peter M. T. Pattynama1,
Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek4,
Jaap Buth5,
Alexander V. Tielbeek6,
Daan A. van der Vliet7,
Leo J. SchutzeKool8,
Peter J. E. H. M. Kitslaar9,
Michiel W. de Haan3,
Jos M. A. van Engelshoven3,
M. G. Myriam Hunink1,2,10 for the Program for the Assessment of Radiological Technology
1 Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The
Netherlands.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands.
3 Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Hospital and Cardiovascular
Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
4 Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
5 Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands.
6 Department of Radiology, St. Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands.
7 Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands.
8 Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands.
9 Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Hospital and
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The
Netherlands.
10 Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health,
Boston, MA.

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Fig. 1 —Flow diagram illustrates reasons for exclusion, random
assignment of patients to diagnostic test groups, diagnostic tests that
patients actually underwent, schematic representation of follow-up, and actual
number of patients included in analysis. Patients meeting all eligibility
criteria were randomly assigned to undergo MR angiography (MRA) or currently
used test, which was duplex sonography (DS) in three hospitals and CT
angiography (CTA) in one hospital as initial imaging test. DSA = digital
subtraction angiography. aSome patients underwent several
interventional procedures. bThese patients did not undergo any
diagnostic or therapeutic intervention and no data are available.
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Copyright © 2008 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.