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Unenhanced MR Angiography of the Renal Arteries with Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Dixon Method

Randall B. Stafford1,2, Mohammad Sabati2,3,4, Michael J. Haakstad2, Houman Mahallati2,3 and Richard Frayne1,2,3,4

1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
2 Seaman Family MR Research Centre, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
3 Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
4 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1A —Single-slice, balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) Dixon method water-only, axial images collected from 25-year-old healthy volunteer. Left renal artery (arrow, A) and right renal artery (arrow, B) can be seen. Descending aorta (Ao), inferior vena cava (IVC), and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are also easily identifiable in both images.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 1B —Single-slice, balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) Dixon method water-only, axial images collected from 25-year-old healthy volunteer. Left renal artery (arrow, A) and right renal artery (arrow, B) can be seen. Descending aorta (Ao), inferior vena cava (IVC), and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are also easily identifiable in both images.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 2A —Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images calculated from image volume in 24-year-old healthy volunteer. Axial (A) and coronal (B) processed MIP images have same window width and level settings. Because of signal differences and spatial resolution, venous portions of image volumes were easily removed.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 2B —Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images calculated from image volume in 24-year-old healthy volunteer. Axial (A) and coronal (B) processed MIP images have same window width and level settings. Because of signal differences and spatial resolution, venous portions of image volumes were easily removed.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 3A —24-year-old healthy volunteer (same patient as in Fig. 2A, 2B). Processed maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) image of left renal artery (A) and reformatted thin-slice image of left renal artery (B) generated from data set collected from same healthy volunteer as in Figure 2A, 2B. Thin-slice reformatted image (B) was calculated by orienting oblique thin slice along direction of vessel. Although separate reformatted image in different orientation is required to achieve similar results for right renal artery, reformatted image shows better vessel conspicuity, both in main renal artery and in smaller distal vessels (arrow, B) compared with standard coronal projection through MIP image volume [11].

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 3B —24-year-old healthy volunteer (same patient as in Fig. 2A, 2B). Processed maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) image of left renal artery (A) and reformatted thin-slice image of left renal artery (B) generated from data set collected from same healthy volunteer as in Figure 2A, 2B. Thin-slice reformatted image (B) was calculated by orienting oblique thin slice along direction of vessel. Although separate reformatted image in different orientation is required to achieve similar results for right renal artery, reformatted image shows better vessel conspicuity, both in main renal artery and in smaller distal vessels (arrow, B) compared with standard coronal projection through MIP image volume [11].

 

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