Vibration Response Imaging Technology in Healthy Subjects
Mordechai Yigla1,
Merav Gat2,
Jean-Jacques Meyer3,
Paul J. Friedman4,
Toby M. Maher5 and
J. Mark Madison6
1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, 8 Ha'Aliyah St., 35254 Haifa, Israel.
2 Department of Clinical Affairs, Deep Breeze, Or Akiva, Israel.
3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clalit Health Service, Haifa and West
Galilee, Israel.
4 Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla,
CA.
5 Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United
Kingdom.
6 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester,
MA.
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Fig. 1A —Vibration response imaging device (VRIxp, Deep Breeze).
Photograph shows placement and attachment of low-suction vacuum of planar
arrays on patient's back. Each planar array is composed of seven rows of three
sensors except top row, which has dummy sensor at outside corner. Distance
between centers of sensors is 5 cm.
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Fig. 1B —Vibration response imaging device (VRIxp, Deep Breeze). Graph
shows arrangement of left and right sensor matrices. Quantitative lung data
were calculated by integrating energy over matching sensors for upper region
(sensor rows 1 and 2), middle region (sensor rows 3, 4, and 5) and lower
region (sensor rows 6 and 7).
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Fig. 2 —Seventeen frames show normal imaging findings for healthy
63-year-old man obtained using normal vibration response imaging device
(VRIxp, Deep Breeze). Imaging progresses and regresses vertically and in
synchronized manner from top to bottom in both inspiration (Ins) and
expiration (Exp). Projections of right and left sides of image are same as
standard posteroanterior chest radiograph—that is, left lung is shown on
right side of image. Right and left sides of images develop simultaneously
from early frames (frame 1, 2, or 3) to maximum energy frame. Shape of
maximum-energy-frame image is smooth (e.g., frame 5) and rounded and has
uninterrupted contour. Area and gray-scale intensity of right and left sides
of maximum-energy-frame image are similar. Normal maximum-energy-frame image
does not have missing areas.
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Fig. 3 —Breathing graphs generated by vibration response imaging
device (VRIxp, Deep Breeze) show data for 32-year-old healthy man (top
graph) and 60-year-old healthy man (bottom graph):
x-axis is time (12 seconds) and y-axis is breathing
intensity bar. Subjects were instructed to target breathing to range of
1.5–3.5 on breathing intensity bar and to breathing cycle rate of
16–24 cycles per minute. Dot depicts time of shown frame. Arrow points
to recordings of maximum breathing intensity.
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Fig. 4 —Bar graph shows distribution of image features shown by
vibration response imaging device (VRIxp, Deep Breeze) for study population
(n = 151). Most images from study population were rated as having
good dynamic appearance, good image development, good maximum-energy-frame
shape, symmetric maximum-energy-frame area, symmetric maximum-energy-frame
intensity, no missing parts, and normal final assessment. MEF = maximum energy
frame.
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Fig. 6 —Bar graph shows proportions of maximum-energy-frame area and
maximum-energy-frame intensity scored as symmetric (right lung [R] = left lung
[L]) or as asymmetric (R < L or R > L) by qualitative assessment of 149
vibration response images (VRIxp device, Deep Breeze) and quantitative
assessment (pixel-count analysis) of 135 vibration response images (VRIxp
device). MEF = maximum energy frame.
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Fig. 7 —Graph shows distribution of image features seen on vibration
response images (VRIxp device, Deep Breeze) among smoker and nonsmoker
subpopulations. MEF = maximum energy frame. Asterisks indicate significant
differences between smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05) for
assessment of features.
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Copyright © 2008 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.
