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Use of 3D Adaptive Raw-Data Filter in CT of the Lung: Effect on Radiation Dose Reduction

Takeshi Kubo1,2, Yoshiharu Ohno3, Shiva Gautam1, Pei-Jan P. Lin1, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor4,5, Hiroto Hatabu6 iLEAD Study Group

1 Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
2 Present address: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Gradute School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
3 Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
4 Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
5 Present address: Department of Diagnostic and International Radiology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
6 Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —Drawing shows regions of interest. Images at four levels (lung apices, aortic arch, left ventricle, and lung bases) were selected from image sets, and six regions of interest were placed on each image: two in central part of image (1), two in anterior and posterior parts of image (2), and two in right and left parts of image (3).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2A —56-year-old man with lung nodule. Compared with low-dose (50 mAs) unprocessed CT scan (A, scored 2), filter-processed low-dose CT scan (B, scored 3) shows remarkable decrease in streak artifacts, and streak artifacts appear less severe than in standard-dose (150 mAs) image without filter processing (C, scored 4).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 2B —56-year-old man with lung nodule. Compared with low-dose (50 mAs) unprocessed CT scan (A, scored 2), filter-processed low-dose CT scan (B, scored 3) shows remarkable decrease in streak artifacts, and streak artifacts appear less severe than in standard-dose (150 mAs) image without filter processing (C, scored 4).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 2C —56-year-old man with lung nodule. Compared with low-dose (50 mAs) unprocessed CT scan (A, scored 2), filter-processed low-dose CT scan (B, scored 3) shows remarkable decrease in streak artifacts, and streak artifacts appear less severe than in standard-dose (150 mAs) image without filter processing (C, scored 4).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 2D —56-year-old man with lung nodule. Filter-processed standard-dose (150 mAs) CT scan (scored 4) also shows lessening of streak artifacts compared with C.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 3A —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 3B —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 3C —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 3D —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 10
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  		Fig. 3E —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 11
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  		Fig. 3F —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 12
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  		Fig. 3G —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 13
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  		Fig. 3H —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 14
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  		Fig. 3I —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 15
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  		Fig. 3J —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of lung bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

Figure 16
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  		Fig. 3K —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

Figure 17
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  		Fig. 3L —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed low-dose images (50 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

Figure 18
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  		Fig. 4A —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 19
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  		Fig. 4B —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 20
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  		Fig. 4C —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of lung apices.

 

Figure 21
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  		Fig. 4D —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 22
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  		Fig. 4E —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 23
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  		Fig. 4F —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of aortic arch.

 

Figure 24
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  		Fig. 4G —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 25
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  		Fig. 4H —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 26
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  		Fig. 4I —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of left ventricle.

 

Figure 27
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  		Fig. 4J —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Central ROI at level of lung bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

Figure 28
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  		Fig. 4K —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Anteroposterior ROI at level of bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

Figure 29
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  		Fig. 4L —Scatterplots of SD values in filter-processed and unprocessed standard-dose images (150 mAs) show three groups of regions of interest (ROIs) at levels of lung apices (A–C), aortic arch (D–F), left ventricle (G–I), and lung bases at diaphragmatic dome (J–L). Right–left ROI at level of bases at diaphragmatic dome.

 

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