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Comparison of Measured and Calculated Skin Doses in CT-Guided Interventional Procedures

Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas1, Virginia Tsapaki2, Charikleia Triantopoulou3, Christina Pouli3, Virginia Kouridou1, Ioanna Fagadaki3 and John Papailiou3

1 Medical Physics Department, Agios Savvas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave., Athens 115 22, Greece.
2 Medical Physics Unit, Konstantopoulio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
3 Computed Tomography Department, Konstantopoulio Hospital, Athens, Greece.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1 —Graph shows relationship of entrance skin dose (ESD) and maximum optic density (ODmax) as determined from calibration films.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2 —Graph shows relationship of entrance skin dose (ESD) and maximum pixel value (PVmax) as determined from digital images of scanned calibration films.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3 —Graph shows entrance skin dose (ESD) profile in film position irradiated 10 times at same point under same exposure conditions. ESD profile [F(x)] reproduced with equation 1 and its two terms reproduced with equations 2 and 3 are shown in Appendix 1. Dmax indicates value of maximum ESD, whereas P and S indicate percentage contribution of each term to Dmax.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4 —Graph shows entrance skin dose (ESD) profiles used to fit actual profiles derived with radiation therapy verification films with and without 25-cm-diameter water phantom on top of films.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5 —Graph shows variation of Dmax / DRmax, as defined in Appendix 1, with table height (TH). Experimental points have been derived with pencil-type ionization chamber positioned on table surface with and without cylindric water phantom on top of it. Best-fit equation shown in figure was used to define unitless offset correction function OSCF(TH) to account for effect of table height on entrance skin dose (ESD).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6A —Graphs show entrance skin dose (ESD) profiles for four interventional procedures. ESDs derived from measurements with verification films (ESDD), original method (ESDT), and revised method (ESDR) presented in this study are shown for two biopsies and two radiofrequency ablations: B1 (A), B6 (B), RF1 (C), and RF3 (D) in Table 1.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 6B —Graphs show entrance skin dose (ESD) profiles for four interventional procedures. ESDs derived from measurements with verification films (ESDD), original method (ESDT), and revised method (ESDR) presented in this study are shown for two biopsies and two radiofrequency ablations: B1 (A), B6 (B), RF1 (C), and RF3 (D) in Table 1.

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 6C —Graphs show entrance skin dose (ESD) profiles for four interventional procedures. ESDs derived from measurements with verification films (ESDD), original method (ESDT), and revised method (ESDR) presented in this study are shown for two biopsies and two radiofrequency ablations: B1 (A), B6 (B), RF1 (C), and RF3 (D) in Table 1.

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 6D —Graphs show entrance skin dose (ESD) profiles for four interventional procedures. ESDs derived from measurements with verification films (ESDD), original method (ESDT), and revised method (ESDR) presented in this study are shown for two biopsies and two radiofrequency ablations: B1 (A), B6 (B), RF1 (C), and RF3 (D) in Table 1.

 

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