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Fig. 5. —Effects on radiofrequency heating by alteration of thermal
conductivity. Surface response at 0.5 watts/m-°C most closely approximates
empirically determined results in liver, whereas plot at higher thermal
conductivities approximates results in agar phantoms. Increasing thermal
conductivity of entire system (i.e., "tumor" and surrounding
tissue) can achieve bigger ablations. Left shift in response surface is caused
by both increased thermal conductivity and current limitation, where thermal
conductivity increases until it becomes limited by current. For region to
right of maximum, greater energy is needed to obtain larger ablations. S/m =
siemens per meter.
