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Fig. 1B —69-year-old man with stage IA right upper lobe
non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) referred for radiofrequency
ablation. Medical history was significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease with shortness of breath on exertion requiring multiple inhalers,
sleep apnea requiring continuous positive airway pressure at night, diabetes,
and hypertension. Combination of lower lung volumes during procedure and
posterior displacement of lesion caused by anterior approach substantially
alters relationship of lesion and ablation electrode to superior vena cava and
expected location of phrenic nerve.