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Fig. 2 —Markov model for simulating outcomes for 61-year-old women
with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast conservation surgery and
radiation therapy. Simulated cohort entered receiving adjuvant
therapy health state after axillary staging and treatment. After
completion of adjuvant therapy, patients transited to postadjuvant
therapy state. Each year, patients could develop metastatic disease or
die of unrelated causes. Patients in metastatic breast cancer state
could die of cancer or noncancer causes. Cohort's cumulative incurred time and
expenses in each health state were summed, enabling calculation of
strategy-specific life expectancy and lifetime costs.
